Transportation as a Form of Punishment: A History

Transportation as a Form of Punishment: A History Contemporary observers contended that â€Å"transportation was no discipline at all†. Do you feel this is a precise articulation of real factors of transportation to America and Australia in the eighteenth and nineteenth hundreds of years? Presentation In this paper, it will be battled that at a shallow level, there is a proportion of precision to the feelings communicated in the citation contained in the title explanation. The view of fitting discipline that framed the open cognizance of the criminal equity framework in Georgian England, where more than 140 offenses conveyed the prompt possibility of a capital punishment upon conviction, is the purpose of beginning. The conservation of a convict’s life in a far away land was frequently seen not as a genuine criminal sentence however as a lesser yet similarly successful type of exculpation. Open abhorrence for transportation as a genuine type of criminal condemning heightened in the Victorian time. As the idea of the prison supplanted the previous ideas of expulsion and its innate purging of the social texture of the ‘criminal classes’, an apparently free section to an ungoverned land, for example, Australia was contrary with the considerable pictures of Milbank jail and the panopticons displayed on the prior work of Jeremy Bentham. The shallow impression made by the contemporary reporters concerning the connection among transportation and regular thoughts of criminal discipline is submitted in this paper to be fragmented. This paper will investigate various significant end products that emanate from these regular ideas, the head of which is the advancement of the Australian ‘convict republic’ and its accomplishment in affecting reconstruction and cultural reconciliation of crooks that was never accomplished in its English partner.. Notwithstanding the physical dangers presented to the convict freight moved by eighteenth and mid nineteenth vessels making a trip from England to the far off terrains of America and later to strange and unexplored Australia, transportation spoke to a type of reluctant displacement, regularly because of conviction for offenses that by current measures may warrant, probably, a non custodial aura. These focuses will be created inside the accompanying system. It is critical to welcome the course of events inside which transportation was accessible as a criminal sentence in England. The course of events might be partitioned into five unmistakable segments: the period preceding the 1718 administrative changes; the sanctioning of the Transportation Act, 1718 until the flare-up of the American Revolutionary War, 1776; the time of the jail â€Å"hulks†; the beginning of Australian transportation, 1787 and the early Australian states; the change of the Australian punitive province structure until the suspension of Australian transportation, 1840. The investigation of the times of transportation fundamentally includes a correlation between the bases utilized by British specialists to legitimize transportation to America and that conjured regarding Australia. The Australian pilgrim activities thusly mirrored a ground-breaking ocean change in open slant concerning transportation after the Bigge report of 1822. The twin Georgian time inspiration to free Britain of its hoodlums through expulsion correspondingly populated a geopolitically key south Pacific state. The prison development and its specialist standards of social control and renewal of the criminal classes everywhere at last turned into the rule focal point of England’s Victorian arrangement of criminal condemning and discipline.. The Australian corrective state experience is given supremacy in this paper because of its degree and the different social powers that impacted its course between the cruising of the First Fleet to Australia in 1787 and the finish of transportation sentences in the British criminal equity framework to New South Wales after 1840. In direct reference to the citation refered to in the title, uncommon reference is made to the contemporary transcripts of the procedures at the Old Bailey in the significant period. The cases and auxiliary specialists refered to on the side of the suggestions progressed here are not submitted not as comprehensive however as illustrative of the focuses progressed. The starting points of the transportation sentence in English criminal practice-The American states Expulsion as outcast from one’s country is an antiquated sanction.[1]In English law, the training didn't start with the entry of the Transportation Act in 1718. As ahead of schedule as 1674, a female respondent named â€Å"Mall. Floyd† was condemned at the Old Bailey â€Å"†¦to be shipped to a portion of the Plantations past the Seas†.[2] Floyd was indicted for taking children’s apparel; hers is the most punctual transportation sentence noted in the Old Bailey records.[3] These transcripts uncover that in more than 50 cases recorded in the London courts somewhere in the range of 1676 and 1684, transportation was the sentence forced. In most of transportation cases, the wrongdoer was indicted for insignificant robbery or larceny.[4] The primary Transportation Act obviously classified this basic practice[5]. The American provinces were the most incessant extreme goal of the people condemned to transportation among 1718 and the episode of the American War of Independence in 1776. It is plain that the open approach reason for transportation was multi-dimensional and mirrored a natural strain in English legitimate practice between the expanded number of English criminal offenses that ostensibly conveyed a capital punishment after 1660, and an acknowledgment that the alleged ‘Bloody Code’ didn't generally bring about a discipline that fit the crime.[6] Transportation and the outcome of expulsion to an outside land was seen as a help from the It is noted in a considerable lot of the scholastic specialists that transportation to the American states was suspended after 1776. Notwithstanding, the sentences kept on being forced; between the American war and the main shipment of convicts to Botany Bay in 1787, Old Bailey records demonstrate that more than 8700 people were condemned to transportation without essentially consistently leaving England[7]. A large portion of these male convicts carried out their punishments on the sickness plagued and swarmed â€Å"hulks†, the jail ships positioned on the Thames whose detainees were utilized to dig the river.[8] There is little inquiry given the chronicled record that transportation to America, expecting that the hazardous Atlantic section was made due by the convict, spoke to an open door for the guilty party to live a more advantageous presence, if not one where resident status was attainable[9]. In contract the later Australian experience, transportation to America was a training proposed to give prepared work to the pioneer economy. There was no lawful instrument by which a convict could incorporate themselves into free frontier society. Transportation definitely brought about an existence of generally solid subjugation for the convict in the state, an outcome that may have been seen as desirable over the presence of individuals from the under classes of their contemporary free English society, or the perilous and ailment conveying â€Å"hulks† where sentences were passed after 1776[10]. It is of intrigue that while the American disobedience brought about the suspension and afterward the finish of transportation to America, when the war started the work yield of African slaves was viewed by pioneer endeavors as better than that delivered by moved English convicts.[11] The best of African work was wanted to the most noticeably terrible of England as recently dispatched to the colonies.[12] The vehicle of convicts to America had likewise brought forth an assortment of legends concerning the â€Å"returning felon† and his specific infuriates to English society.[13]Panics of this sort were increasingly a formation of fruitful media brains of the period than established indeed. These feelings of trepidation were likewise best in class with less power during the time of Australian transport.[14]An prior prod to the idea that transportation was in the overall population enthusiasm of English society was found in the â€Å"crime wave† prevalently accepted to be compromising London in the mid 1790s.[15] Australia Though the transportation of guilty parties to the American states was a realistic lawful punishment that accomplished the impact of expulsion of nuisances to a spot where their work could be used, the beginning of Australian transportation in 1787 connected increasingly significant and clashing social strategy considerations[16]. Such sentences served to expel nuisances from English society; Australia, a land just known to Europeans since 1770, spoke to a significant provincial open door for England. A financially self-supporting settlement and its specialist military nearness in the south Pacific district was an ideal target of English authorities.[17] Transportation as an apparatus of criminal condemning had been tested preceding the vehicle of the principal convicts to Australia. Jeremy Bentham is the most eminent of these adversaries, who considered transportation to be extirpation when the cultural objective should be the change of human instinct through correction[18]. His speculations of discipline were coordinated not to the expulsion of wrongdoers and the apparent expulsion of the criminal stain from the cultural texture, however to the standards of transformation of guilty parties using detainment. The panopticon as contrived by Bentham consolidated the ideas of contrition to be served by the guilty party to the state through partition from society and the work performed while kept, and the capacity of the detainee to be come back to society an improved person.[19]The Bentham model was expected to join a â€Å"calibration of deterrence†, where the length of sentenc

Commonly Confused Words Free Essays

Acknowledge/Except Affect/Effect A Lot/Alot Allusion/Illusion All Ready/Already Altogether/All Together Apart/A Part Ascent/Assent Breath/Breathe Capital/Capitol Cite/Sight/Site Complement/Compliment Conscience/Conscious Council/Counsel Elicit/Illicit Eminent/Immanent/Imminent Its/It’s Lead/Led Lie/Lay Lose/Loose Novel Passed/Past Precede/Procede Principal/Principle Quote/Quotation Reluctant/Reticent Stationary/Stationery Supposed To/Suppose Than/Then Their/There/They’re Through/Threw/Thorough/Though/Thru To/Too/Two Who/Which/That Who/Whom ACCEPT-to receiveex: He acknowledges rout well. But to take or leave outex: Please take all the books off the rack with the exception of the red one. Influence to influenceex: Lack of rest influences the nature of your work. We will compose a custom exposition test on Usually Confused Words or then again any comparative theme just for you Request Now Impact n. , result, v. , to accomplishex: The unpretentious impact of the lighting made the room look unpropitious. ex: Can the college impact such a change without disturbing classes? A LOT (two words)- many. ALOT (single word)- Not the right structure. Suggestion a roundabout referenceex:The teacher made an inference to Virginia Woolf’s work. Hallucination a bogus impression of realityex: They saw a delusion: that is a kind of fantasy one finds in the desert. ALL READY-preparedex: Dinner was all prepared when the visitors showed up. As of now by this timeex: The turkey was at that point consumed when the visitors showed up. By and large entirelyex: Altogether, I felt that the student’s introduction was all around arranged. ALL TOGETHER-accumulated, with everything in one placeex: We were all together at the family get-together the previous spring. Separated to be separatedex: The steel fence kept the furious pooches separated. Or on the other hand My old vehicle self-destructed before we arrived at California. A PART-to be joined withex: The new course was a piece of the new field of study at the college. Or on the other hand A piece of this arrangement includes beginning at first light. Rising climbex: The plane’s rising made my ears pop. Consent agreementex: The martian consented to experience tests. BREATH-thing, air breathed in or exhaledex: You could see his breath neglected air. Inhale action word, to breathe in or exhaleex: If you don’t inhale, at that point you are dead. CAPITAL-seat of government. Additionally budgetary assets. ex: The capital of Virginia is Richmond. ex: The firm had enough cash-flow to manufacture the new plant. State house the real structure wherein the authoritative body meetsex: The representative declared his abdication in a discourse given at the legislative center today. Refer to cite or documentex: I refered to ten statements from a similar creator in my paper. SIGHT-visionex: seeing the American banner stirs various feelings in various pieces of the world. SITE-position or placeex: The new place of business was based on the site of a graveyard. Supplement thing, something that finishes; action word, to completeex: A decent dry white wine supplements a fish course. Praise thing, acclaim; action word, to praiseex: The educator commended Betty on her legitimate utilization of a comma. Still, small voice feeling of right and wrongex: The student’s heart shielded him from undermining the test. Cognizant awakeex: I was cognizant when the thief went into the house. Chamber a gathering that counsels or advisesex: The people on the committee casted a ballot for an open air show in their town. Guidance to adviseex: The arole official directed the convict before he was discharged. Inspire to draw or bring outex: The educator evoked the right reaction from the understudy. Unlawful illegalex: The Columbian medication ruler was captured for his unlawful exercises. Prominent well known, respectedex: The famous podiatrist won the Physician of the Year grant. Inalienable innate or intrinsicex: The significance of the sonnet was natur al, and not handily perceived. Unavoidable prepared to take placeex: A battle between my sister and me is up and coming from the second I go into my home. ITS-of or having a place with itex: The infant will shout when its mom leaves the room. IT’S-constriction for it isex: It’s a lovely day in the area. LEAD-thing, a kind of metalex: Is that channel made of lead? Driven action word, past tense of the action word â€Å"to lead†ex: She drove the campers on an over-night climb. LIE-to rests (an individual or creature. clue: individuals can tell lies)ex: I have a cerebral pain, so I’m going to rests for some time. (additionally lying, lay, has/have lainâ€The hound has lain in the shade throughout the day; yesterday, the pooch lay there for twelve hours). LAY-to lay an article down. ex: â€Å"Lay down that shotgun, Pappy! † The sheriff requested of the crazed moonshiner. ex: The town lay at the foot of the mountain. (likewise laying, laid, has/have laidâ€At that point, Pappy laid the shotgun on the ground). LOSEâ€verb, to lose or not winex: Mom scowled at Mikey. â€Å"If you lose that new lunchbox, don’t even consider getting back home! â€Å"LOOSEâ€adjective, to not be tight; action word (seldom used)â€to releaseex: The burglar’s pants were free to such an extent that he made certain to lose the race with the cop pursuing him. x: While anticipating preliminary, he was never released from prison on the grounds that nobody would post his bail. NOVEL-thing, a book that is a work of fiction. Try not to utilize â€Å"novel† for verifiable; use â€Å"book† or â€Å"work. â€Å"ex: Mark Twain composed his novel Adventures of Huckleberry Finn when he was notable, yet before he distributed nu merous different works of fiction and genuine. PASSED-action word, past tense of â€Å"to pass,† to have movedex: The tornado went through the city rapidly, however it caused extraordinary harm. PAST-having a place with a previous time or placeex: Who was the past leader of Microsquish Computers? x: Go past the fire station and turn right. Go before to come beforeex: Pre-composing goes before the work in progress of good papers. Continue to go forwardex: He continued to go back the bombing grades on the test. Head descriptor, generally significant; thing, an individual who has authorityex: The central fixing in chocolate chip treats is chocolate chips. ex: The head of the school does the declarations every morning. Standard a general or key truthex: The investigation depended on the guideline of gravity. Statement action word, to citeex: I might want to cite Dickens in my next paper. Citation thing, the demonstration of citingex: The book of acclaimed citations roused every one of us. Hesitant to dither or feel reluctant ex: We got hesitant to drive further and in the long run turned around when the street got frigid. Hesitant to be hesitant to talk; to be held in way. Note that The American Heritage Dictionary records â€Å"reluctant† as an equivalent word for â€Å"reticent,† as the third definition. For subtlety and assortment, we suggest â€Å"reticent† for hesitance when talking or demonstrating feeling (all things considered, even outgoing individuals can get hesitant). ex: They called him hesitant, in light of the fact that he infrequently talked. Be that as it may, he listened cautiously and possibly talked when he had something imperative to state. Fixed standing stillex: The mishap was my shortcoming since I ran into a fixed article. Writing material composing paperex: My mom got me writing material that was on reused paper. Expected TO-address structure for â€Å"to be committed to† or â€Å"presumed to† NOT â€Å"suppose to†SUPPOSE-to estimate or make a conjectureex: Do you guess we will get to the air terminal on schedule? When is our plane expected to show up? We should process our sacks before we load up, however I guess we could do that at the check and spare time. THAN-use with comparisonsex: I would prefer to go out to eat than eat at the eating corridor. At that point around then, or nextex: I read for my test for seven hours, and afterward I hit the sack. THEIR-possessive type of theyex: Their home is toward the finish of the square. THERE-demonstrates area (clue: consider â€Å"here and there†)ex: There goes my opportunity of winning the lottery! THEY’RE-withdrawal for â€Å"they are†ex: They’re in Europe for the summerâ€again! THROUGH-by methods for; completed; into or out ofex: He pushed directly through the different team’s protective line. Tossed past tense of throwex: She discarded his adoration love letters. Exhaustive cautious or completeex: John altogether tidied up his room; there was not so much as a bit of residue when he wrapped up. However in any case; neverthelessex: He’s actually a darling however he looks extreme outwardly. Through curtailed slang for through; not suitable in standard writingex: We’re through for the afternoon! TO-towardex: I went to the University of Richmond. TOO-likewise, or excessivelyex: He drank such a large number of screwdrivers and couldn't commute home. TWO-a numberex: Only two understudies didn't turn in the task. WHO-pronoun, alluding to an individual or personsex: Jane thought about how Jack, who is so savvy, could be experiencing issues in Calculus. WHICH-pronoun, supplanting a particular or plural thing(s);not used to allude to personsex: Which area of history did you get into? THAT-used to allude to things or a gathering or class of peopleex: I lost the book that I purchased a week ago. WHO-utilized as a subject or as a subject supplement (see above)ex: John is the man who can take care of business. WHOM-utilized as an objectex: Whom did Sarah pick as her substitution? Back to ‘Commonly Confused Words’ or ‘Clarity and Style’Copyright 2010 The most effective method to refer to Commonly Confused Words, Papers

Theodore Roosevelt Essay example -- Biography Biographies Bio

     Theodore Roosevelt was a man on a crucial. Possibly he didnâ ¹t know it, yet he was. He influenced a large number of individuals for an amazing duration from multiple points of view. He was the pioneer of an acclaimed military gathering, he was a creator, an attorney, and he was likewise the 26th leader of the US, these things wound up bringing him distinction.      He was conceived in New York City on October 27, 1858 into a rich Dutch family. He was constantly a cattle rustler on a fundamental level. Despite the fact that he was conceived in a major city his cattle rustler side and his enthusiasm for experience would come up later in his life. His dad instructed him to go for his objectives, to follow an exacting Christian good code, and to appreciate the life of the brain. His dad instructed him that the psyche was the most grounded apparatus he had. He most likely lectured this since his child had genuine asthma, and a vessel un-athletic body. Ted tuned in to his dad and that prompted numerous achievements throughout his life.      He did all the ordinary things that a youngster from a well off family should do. He buckled down on his scholastics, he got passing marks, went to Harvard, and graduated with an incredible instruction in 1880. In that equivalent year he wedded Alice h lee, a young lady he met at Harvard. He still wasnâ ¹t certain about what profession he needed. He wound up serving three one year terms in the new York get together from 1882-1884. While serving there he got known as an autonomous republican. At that point, in 1884 his mom and his significant other kicked the bucket around the same time.      He was totally down and out, and he had no clue where he needed to go from that point. following two or three months of grieving, he concluded that he would head west, and he would at long last satisfy his youth fantasy about being a cowpoke. He concluded that he would move to the Dakotas where he turned into a farmer with the entirety of the harsh experienced ranchers of the west. Despite the fact that he was this gaunt ungainly untouchable that wore glasses; something the vast majority of the individuals in the Dakotas never at any point saw; he was as yet ready to get the regard of the harsh and extreme ranchers. He did it by following three rustlers, and bringing them back for a preliminary without anyone else. Despite the fact that he adored being a wild cattle rustler out on a farm he understood he had a genuine back in New York. He would have wanted to live in the west for an amazing remainder , however after just two years in the Dakotas he returned to New York.      A couple of months after he return... ... Republican presidential assignment yet he didnâ ¹t. After three years on January 6, 1919 he kicked the bucket from a disease at his clam narrows home in Sagamore slope.      Theodore Roosevelt did everything that he needed to do throughout everyday life. He was one of the significant impacts in U.S. Society. He was a creator, a cattle rustler, a very much regarded military pioneer, and he was the leader of the United States. He realized how to lead and addition the regard of individuals. Regardless of whether it be by catching rustlers without any help, or by making a guarantee to his ideological group to adhere to the old ways., he could generally get the regard of the individuals he needed to get regard from. Catalog  â â â â -tnt.turner.com/films/tntoriginals/roughriders  â â â â -www.letsfindout.com/subjects/america  â â â â -encarta.msn.com/file/conciseindex  â â â â -Morris, Edmund The Rise Of Theodore Roosevelt . New York City, NY  â â â â First Ballantine Books Edition, April 1980,  â â â â -Roosevelt, Theodore Rooseveltâ ¹s Letters to His Children New York  â â â â Charles Scribnerâ ¹s Sons, 1923,  â â â â -The New Grolier Multimedia Encyclopedia. Discharge 6 Computer  â â â â programming CD-ROM Online Computer Systems Inc. 1993

Is Passionate About Sports Topics in Your Persuasive Essay

Is Passionate About Sports Topics in Your Persuasive EssaySometimes, when writing an essay, you will not have a choice as to what sports topics to include. Either the topic is too easy or the topic is too difficult. Therefore, you should be careful about selecting one sport for your persuasive essay. There are several sports topics that you can use.One is if you are considering playing an exciting sport such as football, baseball, basketball, or even baseball. There are many celebrities who play these sports. They are even held in high esteem by society. Many people admire them. If you want to play this sport, it would be great to include this topic in your essay.In America, there are a large number of people who are interested in baseball. This would be another interesting sports topic to include in your essay. You would also be doing well if you included in your essay the fact that baseball players are not only very good at baseball, but they are very good at sports in general. Bes ides, they also have lots of fun in their games.You can also write about basketball if you want to include it in your persuasive essay. This sport is very popular in America. And many people who are passionate about this sport participate in the most exciting games.Students who love tennis are usually very good at playing tennis. They enjoy the game so much that they can play it till they drop. If you are interested in sports, you can include tennis in your persuasive essay.Students who are studying political issues would have a great deal to say about the political debates in the country. If you are a student, you can include this topic in your persuasive essay. You can tell the readers a lot about politics in the country.If you want to write a persuasive essay, you will have to be passionate about the topic you are writing about. Your passion can help you make your essay the best.

Marigolds By Eugenia Collier Analysis - 732 Words

â€Å"Marigolds† by Eugenia Collier is a personal narrative of the challenges that adolescents face with coming of age. The author is able to accurately capture the voice of her younger self-using literary devices such as imagery, juxtaposition, and diction. The author uses these literary devices to give the reader a precise representation of the struggles she surpassed, which pushed her towards adulthood. The first literary device the author uses to communicate the endeavors of childhood is juxtaposition. For example, Eugenia Collier uses juxtaposition to compare her memories of poverty and sadness to her memories absence of wealth and fortune, â€Å"When I think of the home town of my youth, all that I seem to remember is dust - the brown,†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ They interfered with the perfect ugliness of the place; they were too beautiful; they said too much that we could not understand; they did not make sense.† This quote exemplifies a clear depiction of the ignorance of immaturity and a brilliant use of imagery. Collier creates the scene using descriptive words and attaches them to the readers mind, one can see the torrid flowers and disfigured house. These images capture the authors feelings of disarray and discombobulation, which all contribute to Eugenia Colliers voice. These feelings lead to the character uprising to adulthood. The last literary device Eugenia Collier exercises to deepen her sensation of despair and disgrace is diction. Collier influences her words to carve her emotions into the reader, one can sense the feelings of puzzlement and the irascibleness it evokes. For instance, in this quote the reader can grasp Eugenia’s voice through her use of eloquent words â€Å" I indeed lost my mind, for all the smoldering emotions of that summer swelled in me and burst - the great need for my mother who was never there, the hopelessness of our poverty and degradation, the bewilderment of being neither child nor woman and yet both at once, the fear unleashed by my father’s tears. And theses feelings combined in one great impulse toward destruction.† This quotes reveals the emotions the author choice to sealShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Poem Marigolds By Eugenia Collier821 Words   |  4 PagesLizabeth Analysis Essay In beginning of â€Å"Marigolds,† by Eugenia Collier, Lizabeth is indirectly characterized childish and disrespectful as she shows that doesn’t really care about anybody other than herself. In the story, Lizabeth mentions an event in which she did not act like a child and calls it â€Å"devastating† Since Lizabeth finds the idea of maturing devastating, Lizabeth’s motivation is that she does not want to grow up. Since she does not want to grow up, she creates an internal conflict forRead MoreEssay on Freudian Analysis of Marigolds1303 Words   |  6 PagesFreudian Analysis of Marigolds  Ã‚   Most of the time there is a moment in life where one realizes they have lost all innocence and gained some compassion.   â€Å"Marigolds† shows how one young girl transferred from a child to young adult through her life experiences.   Throughout this story another young, but at the same time old in her prime, lady’s experiences are revealed:   the author’s.   In this short story, â€Å"Marigolds,† Eugenia Collier’s subconscious is unmasked through symbolism, diction, and

Hiv / Aids The Most Critical Epidemic - 914 Words

When it comes to HIV/AIDS, it is still today regarded as the most critical epidemic that affects a significant number of people in the world’s population. HIV statistics for the end of 2013 indicate that around 35 million people are currently living with HIV worldwide, 38 percent less than in 2001. In the same year, around 2.1 million people became infected with HIV and 1.5 million died of AIDS-related illnesses. HIV and AIDS are found in all parts of the world, however some areas are more affected than others (â€Å"Global HIV AIDS Epidemic,† 2014). Currently, there are 1.3 million people are living with HIV in the United States of America, with a fifth unaware of their status. Since the epidemic began, an estimated 1,155,792 people in the USA have been diagnosed with AIDS. In 2011 there were an estimated 23.5 million people living with HIV in Sub-Saharan Africa. 1 This has increased since 2009, when an estimated 22.5 million people were living with HIV, including 2.3 million children. It is estimated that among 18 reporting countries in the Latin American region there were approximately 1.4 million people living with HIV and AIDS at the end of 2011. Of these, an estimated 83,000 were newly infected during 2011 and an estimated 60,000 people died of AIDS. Although much of India has a low rate of infection, certain places have been more affected than others. HIV epidemics are more severe in the southern half of the country and the far northeast. 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The sterilization of all needles and syringes are being strictly

Social Media Planning Cycle Free Sampless †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Social Media Planning Cycle. Answer: Social media planning cycle Social media has become essential part of our life to interact with friends and family. However, if I view it from the context of marketing, then a lot of planning goes behind creating and maintaining web pages. Social media planning is a continuous process that requires marketers to plan, execute, review and revise the content to meet the expectations of the audience. Social media planning increases website traffic, exposure, loyal followers and growth prospects (Bekoglu Onayl?, 2016). The social media marketing plan can be organized in a series of different steps such as define social media strategy, social media positioning, create content, optimize content, build social media presence, apply business basics, distribute social media content, user engagement, integrate social media across the company, measure social media results (Cohen, 2015). Some of the steps can be combined to develop a broad social media marketing plan. Ways to listen and observe the social web I am particular about my social media profile. It must be attractive and include relevant content for the users to visit my pages. If in business, I recommend to be attentive of the users likes/ comments and provide suitable solutions to make them feel heard. Listen them well and you would find a gradual increase in your user following on facebook, twitter, Instagram etc. Observe what all they like, dislike on social media sites through comments, likes, tweets etc. Set goals and create strategies link social media goals to actions There should be clarity about marketing goals before moving on to the execution. Be specific and clear about the marketing goals on social media sites. For instance, I would aim to increase the number of facebook likes to 100K by December 2017 or To increase profit by 10% through Instagram etc. So, I have statistics with me to decide on the market strategies. I will keep on updating my social media pages on regular basis to hold the interest of the users. Better to have a schedule to refresh the social media pages to keep the momentum going and achieve the goals set. You can have online competitions to attract more users on the facebook page and increase the activity or trend on twitter with a quirky hashtag. Difference between self-promotion and brand services/ambassadors While I can use these strategies to promote myself, but if I do so for some other brands or services, then I will be a brand advocate. I can do so by uploading pictures of other popular pages or retweet other stuff to promote other products and services on my personal accounts. Social media planning Social media has become important for businesses to promote products and services. However, it is equally effective for small startups or individuals like me who are looking for a perfect platform to display my paintings. Though I have pursued paintings as a hobby for years, I feel its high time that I take up the support of social media sites to display my work. While sites like Facebook, Instagram and Twitter are amazing for marketing my art, social media is meant to be social. Since social media interests people for various reasons, but most of the people look for fun. So I would like to follow the 80/20 rule wherein 80% would be entertainment and 20% promotion of my art. I will present my paintings on an Instagram page in a manner that pulls the interest of the followers. A business no longer needs a web page as social media presence is enough. Debate. While I agree that social media is a good platform to promote businesses, I feel the official web pages still have its relevance in long term. It is quite easy to open official accounts on social media sites, but require technical skills to create and manage an official website. Businesses have to abide by the policies of the social media platform for marketing unlike their own website. For instance, there is risk of your social media account being suspended due to some computer algorithm and you lose all your followers on the social media page (Bacal, 2017). However, there is no such risk for website. Social media platforms merely give you information about the likes, dislikes, comments etc. However, the confusion lingers as if the figures are relevant enough for companies to change marketing strategies. Social media platforms decide what is seen on your official account pages. For instance the random ads could be annoying, and distract the users from engaging with the company. But with your website, you are the one deciding what all has to be posted. You have the decision making power to protect the image of your company through content, images, videos etc. It helps in maintaining the reputation with the business clients and provides detailed information about the products and services. References Bacal, R. (2017). Twenty Reasons Why Social Media Is Not Enough For Small Business. Retrieved from https://customerthink.com/twenty-reasons-why-social-media-is-not-enough-for-small-business/. Cohen, H. (2015). Super Simple Social Media Strategy: Get Big Results. Retrieved fromhttps://heidicohen.com/social-media-marketing-cycle/ Bekoglu, F. B., Onayl?, C. (2016). Strategic Approach in Social Media Marketing and a Study on Successful Facebook Cases.European Scientific Journal, ESJ,12(7).

Iomega Zip Drives Essays - Computer Storage Media, Zip Drive, SCSI

Iomega Zip Drives Iomega offers a wide range of zip drives which include the USB Port drives, parallel Port drives, SCSI port drives, and Internal drives. There are advantages and disadvantages to each of the four mentioned. Like any other item you wish to purchase you should know what you needs are before you purchase a zip drive, so that you may purchase the right unit. The external models connect with either the USB port, the parallel port or the SCSI port. They may only be used with the port that they are designed for. The SCSI is a type of interface or port for connecting peripheral devices, such as hard drives, CD-ROMs, scanners and Zip drives. It stands for small computer system interface and is pronounced skuzzy. SCSI is the standard interface on almost all Apple computers, with the exception of some very early Mac models and the more recent iMac. PCs can also be equipped to use SCSI devices, but this requires the installation of a SCSI card. USB is a type of interface for connecting peripheral devices to a computer and it stands for Universal Serial Bus. Then the parallel port is the commonly known as the printer port. The internal model connects via ATAPI. The ATAPI is a type of interface used to connect additional hardware devices to a computer. ATAPI stands for Advanced Technology Attachment Packet Interface. This is an internal interface that is commonly used to connect devices such as CD-ROMs, hard drives, tape drives and of course, Zip drives. The USB zip drives have many advantages. One it is easy to connect, just plug it in, connect the USB cable to the computer, and install the IomegaWare? software. It's also portable and allows hot swapping. USB offer several advantages over the parallel port. The data transfer rates are faster. And, while the parallel port accepts only two devices at a time, the , USB port is designed to handle over one hundred chained devices! The USB port is not as fast as the SCSI interface. However, it is significantly easier to install on a PC because it does not require a SCSI card. The Parallel port zip drives are also portable. They are have the advantage over the other devices because almost all PC's have parallel port on them. This makes transfer on software from one computer to another easier. The SCSI port zip drives are also portable, but only if the machine you are connecting to has a SCSI port on it. This is a major disadvantage, but on the up side they are a lot faster than the other external devices. Finally the internal zip drive is a very fast unit, and it is economical. On the other hand, it also needs to be installed internally in your CPU. Another disadvantage is that if you are uncomfortable installing any kind of internal devices you may want to have this handled by your local reseller. In summary in order to get the unit that best fits your needs you must chose one that has the advantages you want. Bibliography Reference http://www.iomegadirect.com Computers and Internet

buy custom U.N Rights Violation essay

buy custom U.N Rights Violation essay Introduction Violence refers to deliberate use of corporal power or force, to threaten or actually harm, another person, oneself, or on a group of people like children or women resulting to death, injury, mal-development, or psychological distortion. Violence against children is a global issue that results to public-unhealthiness. Though injustice and poverty victims have had difficulty being understood, historically, none of them has had more difficulty if compared to the plight of children. Violence against children takes place in various forms for instance physical injuries, negligence, or psychological torture. This happen at different levels and the perpetrators include individuals, institutions, households, and the society. This essay therefore establishes the state of children rights and the major contributors to violence against children rights in the global context. Violence against children takes place worldwide but the statistics may vary from one region to another. For instance, countries such as India, Pakistan, and Nepal tend to report more issues on children rights violation including child labor, sexual abuse, and child trafficking. India has been said to have the largest number of working children. However, these statistics could be misleading given that state administrators may give low numbers to protect images of their countries. A recent research in eight Asian nations discovered that 33 to 50% of the sex workers were the same previous victims of child abuse (Brett, 2009). One basic human rights principle laid down in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights is that all human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. Children have been assigned special protection by the UN legal framework. Nevertheless, there are no strong legal mechanisms to protect this right. In addition, international law and local legislations are not homogeneous and this leads to conflict of interests. Childrens rights protection under international treaty law can be traced back to the first Declaration of the Rights of the Child adopted by the League of Nations in 1924, which was a brief document containing only five principles by which member were invited to be guided in the work of child welfare. Children enjoy protection by way of general human rights provisions, and their relevance should not be underestimated. The U.N has continued to guard the rights of children under four principles, namely; childrens right to equality, the best interest of the child, the childrens right to life and development and the respect for childrens own views (Committee on the Rights of the Child, 2005). However, these provisions only remain in papers as a number of states continue to abuse them as demonstrated by the rising cases of child trafficking, and child labor among other vices. Children Rights Violation Children are said to be every countrys future and for that reason; the United Nations (UN) members in 2002, undertook to conform to eight Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) by the year 2015 with six of the said goals directly associated with children. All these goals that are strongly associated with the commitment made by all governments of the UN General Assembly at the 2002 Special Session on Children in 2002. All nations promised to work with the goal of promoting and protecting the rights of every child. A study conducted by the Convention on the Rights of the Child on behalf of the UN in 2001 emphasized on the rights of children to personal and physical integrity. The study also outlined Countries responsibilities in protecting children from all kinds of mental and physical violence such as sexual, exploitation, or demeaning punishment (Detrick, 1999). It is however hard to implemen these measures in developing countries due to high levels of poverty, whose remedy at times would be engaging children in forced labor to put food on table. In addition, severity of HIV/AIDS affects ability of parent to feed their children and this leave rare option for restricting child labor. The UN member countries are obliged to pass protective measures in order to ensure that no children rights are violated and if any is, they should ensure that the victims get the assistance and support necessary for recovery. In the Pacific and the East Asia Region, numerous regional pledges have been made and continue to be implemented at different levels in order to combat childrens problems of sexual exploitation, abuse, and trafficking. Children rights violations are mostly circumstantial and are contributed by elements that may be either positive or negative. Violation of childrens rights is not a new phenomenon and recent worldwide development especially the technological advancements have greatly challenged the efforts of the UN and other stakeholders to stop this criminality. Various global economic features and political affiliations have affected children protection and well-being. The aspect of rapid urbanization is good for many economies and livelihoods but it also contributes greatly to violation of childrens rights (UNICEF, 2001). This is because; urbanization may tend to erode social security systems of families and communities, at the same time, slacken import barriers, and improve transport and communications networks facilitating cross-national movements and thus encouraged illegal activities such as child trafficking. Some nations have violated childrens rights in the name of patriotism. Children are forced into making sacrifices in order to protect their country. These children engage in risky national activities, for instance, in some developing countries and other politically unstable nations such as Sierra Leone, Sudan and Rwanda, children were used as spies and war soldiers during wars all in the name of patriotism (Van Bueren, 1998). Nevertheless, at times political set ups do not recruit children in their troop. State of a country may also make a child to develop interest in becoming a soldier at early age. Vice is political influence in recruiting children in military troops. Violation of children rights has however been greatly contributed to by negative societal factors. For instance, the main targets for children violators and other abusers are the children from marginalized ethnic groups and financially unfortunate families who are subjected to many types of social segregation. This is because these children live in poor and politically unstable regions and they face numerous financial adversities. Due to their unfortunate nature, some of these children live in slums, streets and in socially segregated groups. Some ethnic minorities are illegal immigrants and thus, they lack most certifications, causing them to lack the necessary access to legal employment, education, and legal migration channels. This unfortunate lot of childrens right to safe delivery, good maternal health, proper nutrition, medical heath (Van Bueren, 1998). Stigmatization of HIV/AIDs born children by families and the society due to ignorance and poverty by the society strongly contributes to the continuous discrimination, violence and abuse and consequently causing the children to seek alternative livelihoods and becoming vulnerable to being violated (UNICEF, 2001). In addition, most HIV/AIDs infected and affected children from developing countries have been orphaned and are thus under kinship care, mainly under the aged and weak persons. These caretakers have other problems and are thus incapable of caring and providingg for these children. Having no strong person as guardian makes the children to be very susceptible to abuse and violence. The U.N has funded and supported programs that can help to strengthen work on advocating and researching on the key causes societal issues including HIV/AIDS and at the same time, assists the infected and affected children to access to basic services such as education, healthcare, and protection against violators. In the year 2000, about 2.3 million children who are below the age of 15 from the developing world have continually become orphans because of HIV/AIDs related mortalities with one child dying every 14 seconds (UNICEF, 2001). However, there are still the biggest hurdles that surround such good initiatives. There is vast corruption especially in developing countries that make monetary allocation have little impact in rescuing the condition of children. Political instability in some nations is also a huge contributor to violation of childrens rights. War-torn countries go through many problems that affect its citizens especially children directly in an enormous and unprecedented way. For instance, in war times, many children have been wounded, murdered or taken away from their families and communities. Due to wars, many children have been orphaned and have exploited sexually or through military recruitment. The girl child has especially been gravely affected by war. Greed for control of landmines and production of small arms and weapons also threatens lives of children every day. This is because conflicts in many regions are caused by such economic greed, interest and the desire to have power over valuable natural resources (Brett, 2009). This kind of interest in some industries is responsible for stimulating wars that bring dreadful violations of childrens rights by causing them to suffer mal-nutrition due to low production of food. In the 1996 UN General Assembly, Machel gave a report on awareness and collection of information on the childrens plight that are affected by armed conflict. Conclusion Children have the right to health, right to nutrition and the right to education. In addition, children also deserve to be protected; they deserve to be free from brutality and mistreatment and they deserve to have a safe and caring environment. Some children have the chance to enjoy these rights while others are amongst the most susceptible groups in the society. Some progress by individual families, the society, and concerned organizations have been made in the struggle against children trafficking and sexual exploitation of children (Brett, 2009). These positives fight against violating the rights of children has been evidenced worldwide with the increase in consciousness and acknowledgment of the issues by government heads. Other key decision makers worldwide and the general public are also rallying the efforts of fighting violation of childrens rights. Children globally have however continued to be violated through trafficking on a daily basis and the trend of these victimization and maltreatment incidents is continually increasing. Most of these violations of childrens rights have been observed in the disadvantaged countries, communities, and families. This means that more than anything else, the vices are heightened by the poverty, ignorance, political instability, diseases such as HIV/AIDs and discrimination. All these contributors are negative aspects of the society. In order for the society to solve curb childrens rights violation, they first need to deal with improving and eradicating these aspects (Detrick, 1999). Otherwise, children rights violation will continue to exist at both the local and international levels. Buy custom U.N Rights Violation essay

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) planning in Toyota Motor in Essay

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) planning in Toyota Motor in Europe in 2010 - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that with the onset of the economic slowdown during the recession period Toyota have gone through several challenges for a sustainable growth in the business environment. In spite of such a tough situation the company has always ensured safety and customer satisfaction to the top priority and implemented several strategies for a better understanding of the market as well as for the environment. After the recession period, the company has gone through a fresh start and steer towards a new growth direction with its new Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) approach. Always committed to supplying safe and reliable vehicles for the market the company always looked after the dynamic need of the customers and the marketplace together. In the process, the company has great support from the stakeholders and the people related to the company who helped for this sustainable growth of the company in the competitive environment. The company is not only into the development of safer car as its CSR approach but also involved into serving the people associated with the company business who provides the high-quality products from the company for the growing market needs. With the global crisis of energy Toyota also looks after developing eco-friendly cars for the society and grows in hand with the environment with the safe and reliable vehicles for the society. For an efficient handling of the Corporate Social Responsibility program, the corporate team has established the CSR committee who are into the management process of the CSR departments and the promotion of the approach and help the company to implement strategies for its CSR activities. The legal compliance is looked after by the core Corporate Ethics Committee and the Philanthropy Committee manages the social activities for a better reach and promotional activities which facilitates the process of long-term growth for the company. The management of CSR activities for Toyota consistently looks after the improvements of the different processes for the firm. The Corporate Social Responsibility program for the company is primarily focused towards the assessment of the internal as well as the external entities for the firm. The assessment program gives the chance for the company to look after and identify the weak points of the company and evaluate strategies accordingly for the midlevel and long-term growth of Toyota.

WarGames Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

WarGames - Essay Example His latest goal is to discover how to get into the computers at a gaming company to play their latest big game before it comes out, but he unwittingly ends up inside WOPR, the top defense computer the Pentagon has at its disposal. Presented with a list of games to play, David is especially intrigued by one entitled, "Global Thermonuclear War", a simulation of US vs. Russia nuclear war scenarios. Alas, what started out as a game seems all too real, as WOPR takes over the systems at the NORAD project, and the folks there aren't sure if it is all a game or if the Russian missiles that appear to be poised to wipe out the US means World War III is imminent. Although WarGames is mostly considered a juvenile sci-fi adventure today, it was taken very seriously at the time of its release, thanks to the prevailing fear of nuclear war, in addition to the vast majority of the public not knowing of how such things as modems and computer actually work.

The Fiftieth Gate and The Pianist Essay Example for Free

The Fiftieth Gate and The Pianist Essay Memory helps form the basis of history, whereas history can be used to clarify fragmented memories. For a true understanding of the past there has to be a balance between documented evidence and personal experiences and memories. In Mark Baker’s nonfiction biography ‘The Fiftieth Gate’ (1997), and Roman Polanski’s film ‘The Pianist’ (2002) have both reconstructed the past through a combination of memories and historical documentation. The interplay of historical documentation and memories is critical for an accurate portrayal of an event. The Fiftieth Gate’ follows Baker’s own investigation into the history and memories of his parents to understand the events of the Holocaust. He adopts a style of writing similar to Midrash, a religious method of biblical interpretation of ideas, to bridge the gap between the past and present. Intially memories are inconsistent for Baker. They can leap out â€Å"at him, like a jack-in-the-box†, the simile enhancing the notion that memories are unpredictable and therefore not entirely reliable. Baker’s value of historical exactness over memory is seen through the juxtaposition of his father’s shared experience against his mother’s lone survival. He sees his father’s past â€Å"written on page of history shared by other survivors† while his mother â€Å"could not point to anyone†. As the novel progresses, this preference for history over memory is diminished. History is characterized as cold and lifeless being: â€Å"papers (that are)†¦echoes of the past, dark shadows without screams, without smells, without fear†. The repetition of â€Å"without† emphasizes the lack of emotion present in historical accounts. At the end of the novel Baker arrives at the rhetorical question â€Å"Why do I crave the contents of this single lone sentence†¦when all it says is what she has repeated throughout her life? while summarising his mother’s experience. The historian eventually learns to stop only looking at â€Å"numbers and lists† but rather hear the â€Å"pleas of a human being†. With this final combination of history and memory Baker is able to acquire a deeper understanding of the past. A similar focus on the interplay of historical documentation and memories is seen in Roman Polanski’s film ‘The Pianist’. Polanski’s own memories and the experiences of Wladyslaw Spzilman are verified by archival images taken by the Germans and historical data about the Warsaw Ghetto. In contrast to Baker’s describing of events, ‘The Pianist’ visually recreates the memories of the Holocaust victims. Polanski uses monochromatic colours, costumes and lighting to produce a morose World War II concentration camp atmosphere. Within the film the interplay of history and memory is shown as black and white footage intercut with contemporary scenes of Spzilman from Pianist. To ensure that the â€Å"smallest detail would be exact†, the director employed research experts, who found artefacts from the Holocaust to use in the film that would provide authenticity. This is enhanced with dialogue that enlightens the audience to the attitudes and values of that time, â€Å"They hang†¦ (those) for helping Jews†. Allusions to official decrees that were placed at that time where â€Å"No jews are allowed† and newspaper articles and radio broadcasts of that time is used by Polanski to place the audience accurately within that time. He uses an evocative setting of ruins in Europe and Warsaw, and intercuts actual historical World War II footage and data. In â€Å"†¦trying to rebuild the world exactly as it was†¦ no more, no less,† he melds history and memory to reveal truths. For an accurate understanding of past events there needs to be a balance between historical documentation and personal memories. Baker creates these metaphorical gates that open his parent’s memories, a link to his Jewish heritage, with each gate drawing a separate memory. He enhances the eternal power of memories through sensory imagery: â€Å"Can you hear, or do the screams from the mass grave drown out the sounds and melodies of Wierzbnik in its innocence? † The experiences endured by his parents continue to torment them, their memories: â€Å"broken like fragments of sacred tablet†. The motif of stone in this simile corresponds with the Jewish belief of memory not being remembered by flowers but rather by stones as they are â€Å"mysterious and eternal†. The lasting effect of the Holocaust is seen in Genia’s dialogue: â€Å"Don? t interrogate me. I? m your mother, not your prisoner, the negative word connotations linking back to her own circumstance during the Nazi regime. Personal memories explore emotions that can never be captured by written documents, a notion that is illustrated through the repetition and rhetorical question of: â€Å"You read, you read. Books, books, everywhere. But do you know how it feels? † Baker employs evocative languge of his mother remembering: â€Å"the sound of shots† of â€Å"screaming†, which is contrasted to the historical facts of this event: â€Å"the death toll†¦ of atleast 40,000 Jews†, demonstrating the value of memory, as it provides greater substance and accuracy than documented evidence. Through an investigation of both history and personal memories Baker is able to gain an accurate understanding of the past. Polanski is â€Å"a survivor telling a survivor’s story†. The Pianist’ explores past events through the diary of a German officer, the memoirs of Wladyslaw Spzilman and Polanski’s own personal memories. Three accounts interweave in this film to display an accurate interpretation of the Holocaust. The accuracy of the Pianist’s memory is justified as it â€Å"was written immediately after the war†. Polanski himself remembers the â€Å"one thing that is burned in my mind is the arm band with the star of David†. He places this image to symbolise the dehumanisation of the Jewish people. This corresponds with the number branded on Baker’s father, Yossl. Polanski indirectly questions the link between memories and time. He suggests that memory is not entirely reliable and adapts to changing contexts. This is emphasised through the use of the cross fade technique. Images of Spzilman playing the piano blur into one another, which suggest that memory will eventually fade and transform. The piano itself is a visual leitmotif within the film for Spzilman’s survival spirit. Polanski visually enhances the Spzilman’s memory of being isolated in Warsaw ghetto by placing the pianist as a single figure in the centre of the foreground. All that remains in the background are possessions abandoned by the Jews who have been deported to death camps. Memory enriches history while history informs memory. These two key ideas are presented in Mark Baker’s non-fiction biography, The Fiftieth Gate and Roman Polanski’s film The Pianist, allowing the audience to understand the importance of memory and history. By examining personal experience, memory and documented evidence, an individual can a balanced and informed understanding of the past.

The Future :: Argumentative Persuasive Science Papers

The Future It is by following clues that we make discoveries, not by reasoning inductively. Now some people would accept this view but nevertheless argue that in science we cannot avoid reasoning inductively. For , , they say, suppose we have discovered a law of nature—let us say the law that all metals expand when heated. Now in saying that this is a law of nature we are saying that it holds not only in the past but also in the future. If it is a law of nature that all metals expand when heated, then metals will expand when heated not just today but also tomorow. But how do we know they will expand tomorow? Tomorow has not yet come. If we know, we can only know by reasoning inductively (they say). The law has held in the past; therefore it will hold in the future. Reasoning from the past to the future is inductive reasoning. In this paper I want to respond to this argument. My point will be, there is no need to reason inductively even in science. To help make my point I will draw on three examples. Example 1: Station A Suppose you crack ciphers. You have been intercepting messages from a radio station which you have called Station A. The messages transmited by Station A are encrypted by a cipher which you have already broken, a cipher which for your own convenience you have called Cipher X. Because you have already broken Cipher X, for the past six months you have been able to read every single message sent out by Station A. This morning you have intercepted another message. You have not deciphered it yet ... How are you going to decipher your new message? Are you going to decipher it by using Cipher X, the cipher you have broken and which Station A has been using these past six months? I think you are likely to say, 'Of course! ' So you will decipher the new message using Cipher X, as I too if I were in your position. Let us now go over the situation again. You have broken Cipher X. You have been deciphering all messages from Station A using Cipher X. You are now about to decipher this newly intercepted message by using Cipher X. Now considering what you have done and what you are about to do, can we infer that you are reasoning inductively?

Do You Agree With This Portrayal Of The Reasons Why The Troubles Continued Into The 1990’s?

Do You Agree With This Portrayal Of The Reasons Why The Troubles Continued Into The 1990's? Explain Your Answer Using The Source And Your own Knowledge. The cartoon in source J drawn in 1991 is an accurate depiction of the reasons and troubles in Northern Ireland in the early 1990's. Each of the characters in the picture represents a factor that helped continue the problems in Northern Ireland. The staircase continues in a vicious circle because all the factors are linked. However, the cartoon does not apply to the end of the 1990's because the factors were beginning to be sorted out and the Good Friday Agreement was signed. One of the main reasons for the trouble in Northern Ireland was that the politicians weren't working together or listening to each other's points and views. In the cartoon, the man holding ballot papers and wearing a large badge represents a politician of either a republican or unionist organization. The unionists wanted to stay part of Great Britain and British Rule. The leader of the Democratic Unionist Party (DUP) Reverend Ian Paisley had a strong influence in the 1960's 70's and 80's that caused violence. The republicans wanted a split from Great Britain and become part of the republic of Ireland. Gerry Adams, the president of Sinn Fein and Pat Doherty, vice President both were strong advocates of this. Gerry Adams was involved with the Irish Republican Army in the seventies, along with Martin McGuinness. The unionists and republicans didn't want to work together even in the early and mid-90's. In February 1995, the British and Irish Governments drew up the Joint Framework Document. This included a new assembly for Northern Ireland and North-south Council of Ministers, which have a say over a whole range of issues. 1995 saw Northern Irelands lowest death toll since the troubles began, but there were still problems. Unionists were sceptical about the plan for a North-South Council of ministers because they though there was a possible chance it would lead to a united Ireland. Then the IRS and Sinn Fein did not want to decommission their weapons because they did not trust the British Government. David Trimble, the new Ulster Unionist Party leader, gave his total support to the peace process and US Senator George Mitchell worked to achieve a settlement that everyone would agree to. By the late 1990's most politicians were working together for peace and they signed the Good Friday Agreement in 1998. In the cartoon there is a man holding a gun and walking in the opposite direction to the others on the staircase. He represents the terrorism and during the early 1990's paramilitary groups such as the Irish Republican Army (IRA), the Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF) and the Ulster Defence Association (UDA), caused a great deal of destruction in Northern Ireland. The IRA is a mainly Catholic organization who wanted to push the British Army out of Northern Ireland and for Northern Ireland to join the Republic. Gerry Adams (Sinn Fein) had a leading role in the organization of Bloody Friday, along with Seamus Twomey and Ivor Bell (senior Provisionals), which took place July 21st 1972. The IRA planted and exploded 22 bombs, which, in the space of 75 minutes, killed 9 people and seriously injured approximately 130 others. Then on the 31st July 1972 the Claudy Bombing, also known as Bloody Monday, nine people were killed, (2 under 16 and four over 60). Although the IRA was suspected of planting the bombs, no proof was found or confession made. Martin McGuinness, a senior figure of the IRA and the ‘number two' at the time of Bloody Sunday Massacre on 30th January 1972 where thirteen were killed and thirteen more were shot and injured on a civil right march. While McGuinness was in power, 17 British Army soldiers, 11 civilians, 9 from the Claudy Bombing, 4 UDR members and 2 Royal Ulster Constabulary officers were all killed. Martin McGuinness has since become Sinn Fein's chief negotiator. The Protestant Paramilitary groups wanted to get rid of the IRA and protect the Protestant communities. In 1966, a group of Shankill Road loyalists began to use the UVF name. UVF members and members of Ian Paisley's Ulster Protestant Volunteers (UPU) carried out a series of explosions at public utilities and tried to blame them on the then nearly non-existent IRA. In 1972 Billy Hutchinson and two others brutally stabbed to death Social Democratic and Labour Party politician, Paddy Wilson. In this horrific attack Mr Wilson's girlfriend Irene McDonald had her breasts cut off. It appears that the attackers were particularly angry because Irene McDonald was a Protestant. Police believe that the Northern Ireland Paramilitary groups were responsible for 22 deaths, 251 shootings and 78 bombing all in 1997. Although this seems like a lot of violence, it was nowhere near as much as past performances and had become less active. 1994 saw ceasefires from the paramilitaries, but the IRA and Sinn Fein didn't agree to it. By the late 1990's Paramilitaries had stopped most of their violent activities due to the initiative of the Good Friday agreement. The man with a pipe in his mouth and the woman holding a small child may represent the social and economic situation and problems that were faced by many of the low working classes of both Protestant and Catholic backgrounds in Northern Ireland. Unemployment was a big issue in Northern Ireland where a higher rate of unemployment amongst members of the Catholic community than the Protestant community has always been the case. In 1976, the first Fair Employment Act in Northern Ireland established a Fair Employment Agency in an attempt to prevent religious and political discrimination in Northern Ireland. The 1989 Fair Employment Act brought about the establishment of the Fair Employment Commission, which exists today to keep an eye on employment practices, and a Fair Employment Tribunal to hear complaints. In 1981 47% of Catholics in Northern Ireland were unemployed to the 22% of Protestantwho were unemployed. But by 1997 Catholics had 40% of the jobs available in Northern Ireland. Housing was an even bigger issue. Overcrowding was a huge problem in 1960's. For a house to be overcrowded if there was more than two people live there per room excluding the bathroom and kitchen. In the area of South Ward in Londonderry, a predominantly Catholic area, there was over 6 000 people living overcrowded accommodation. In the early 1970's, much of the housing provision in Northern Ireland was inadequate. In 1971, only 63% of Catholic homes in Northern Ireland had hot water, a fixed bath or shower, and an inside toilet, as opposed to 72% of Protestant homes. This gap has however been narrowed over the past 25 years, with almost all homes in Northern Ireland (98%), both Catholic and Protestant being furnished with these facilities and since 1971, the Government has invested over à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½9 000 million in public housing in Northern Ireland. By the late 1990's the economic situation had dramatically improved with grants, money from America and peace. On the walls of the staircase, two years are mentioned that represent both Catholic and Protestant successes. These past events have helped people remember their differences and this has led to violence. 1690 was the battle of Boyne. This was when William of Orange (Protestant) defeated the Catholic King of England, James the second. This came after James had been overthrown and his daughter Mary and her husband William of Orange were asked to rule. James fled immediately to France where he found support from the French King. Louis the fourteenth gave him troops and ship to help him retain his title. James set sail for Ireland where he would gather support from the Catholics. All went well for James and soon Ulster was in desperate need of help from William. James attacked Londonderry and the siege lasted long enough for William to form an army and bring them to Ireland. Then in July of 1960 William killed James but it wasn't until the next year that the Jacobite forces (James supporters) were defeated. This is a very important event for the Protestants and every July they march through Dumcree to commemorate the event. The second date on the staircase is 1916 and in this year bought the battle of Somme, where the 36th Ulster division sent men across the cannel and began to disembark in France. They fought with other troops and there bravery was awarded with medals in 1918. This is also very important to the protestant today and they remember it accordingly. In the same year, on 17th April the Irish Citizen Army, together with the Irish Volunteers, rose up in arms against the might of the British Empire to strike a blow for Irish freedom and for the setting up of an Irish Republic. James Connolly, the General Secretary of the Irish Transport and General Workers Union and founder of the Irish Socialist Revolutionary Party, was one of the main leaders in the struggle for national freedom. 1000 volunteers and workers' troops stayed put in the centre of Dublin in battle with the British army. After a week of fighting which destroyed the city centre, the volunteers were forced to surrender British troops succeeded although suffering great loses. Connolly was arrested and Arthur Henderson, the secretary of the Labour Party signed for hi death, which took place on 12th May. Catholics remember this as one of the first steps to their independence. However, unlike other causes of violence the remembrance of these events in the forms of the marching seasons of both Catholics and Protestants bought tension that led to violence and still saw problems in the late 1990's. The man holing a bible is either a priest or minister and represents the problems religion caused in Northern Ireland. Ever since the sixteenth century when Henry VIII started to meddle in the way that Ireland was ruled and changing the Church of England there have been problems but it wasn't until James II started plantations to balance the Catholic majority in Ireland so they couldn't attack England. The Protestants pushed in and took the Catholics land and money and violence really started. The segregation of Catholics and Protestants meant that living arrangements, education and employment were affected. People of different religions were forced to live in separate areas and a person of a different religion found in the others area was often attacked. Children were also forced to attended segregated schools. They were taught that the other religion was bad and as they grew older that found problems created by prejudice. Some people had hardly any contact with another religion because catholic companies employed Catholics and Protestant companies employed Protestants. This caused many problems because when contact was made it would not be good because neither had been educated about the other and new nothing of each other. Many religious leaders have worked hard to find peace in the late 1990's. Reverend Ian Paisley (Protestant leader in Northern Ireland), was ordained in the Reformed Presbyterian Church in 1946, co founded a new sect, the Free Presbyterian Church of Ulster in 1951, which soon grew to over 30 churches. He fought and protested for many years. Although religion still divides many areas in Northern Ireland religious leaders are fully behind the Good Friday Agreement. The cartoon drawn in 1991 shows an accurate portrayal of the reasons for the troubles in Northern Ireland up until the early 1990's. However in the late 1990's the troubles were beginning to be resolved and the Good Friday Agreement had a strong impact. The agreement saw better housing, more employment, education and political opportunities, the end to the majority of the violence and politicians working together. The Good Friday Agreement has not eliminated all the problems as there is still violence going on today, for example, the Northern Irish police found explosives that had been dumped that were linked to the IRA.

Essay about Porter’s Five Forces Analysis of the Fast Food...

Porter’s Five Forces Analysis of the Fast Food Industry Complete a Porters Five Forces Analysis of the fast food industry and for each of the 4 generic strategies, identify one restaurant that you believe is employing that generic strategy. According to Hoovers Fast Food and Quickservice Restaurant Report, Fast food restaurants make up one of the largest food industry segments with more than 200,000 restaurants in the US. Fast food franchises are known for their low cost and high-speed products served to go as well as for a quick on-site consumption. Consumers are attracted to the idea of standardized menus and familiar meals in each location. Michael Porter’s model discussed below will help us identify five key competitive forces†¦show more content†¦In addition, even when some Fast food restaurants purchase large quantities, they do not face significant switching costs other than inconvenience of developing new relationships with new vendors. In contrast, suppliers of soft drinks in the fast food industry are dominated by Coke and Pepsi because of their well established distribution channels. Coke and Pepsi also provide fast food restaurants with Coke and Pepsi equipment such as soda machines and refrigerators. By doing so, Coke and Pepsi have added value to their customers and differentiated themselves from other suppliers. Threat of substitutions - High The threat of substitutes is high because numerous similar products are available from outside the fast food industry that come very close to meeting the needs of current customers. The existence of substitutes such as frozen meals, home cooked meals, and food trucks create alternative foodservice options. These substitutes offer attractive price and similar product characteristics and therefore result in low switching costs. In addition, fast casual restaurants like Chipotle and Panera Bread are a growing threat for the fast food industry. These fast casual restaurants offer the convenience of fast food chains with the quality of casual dining and healthier food options. The power of buyers – Low The bargaining power of buyers is low because the buyers of the fast food industry’s products are individual customers. FastShow MoreRelatedPorter s Five Forces Theory Essay1426 Words   |  6 Pagesglobalization era, businesses around the world develop in a really fast pace. The competition within an industry usually tough and it has its own pattern that could be difficult to understand by the new comer. Therefore, chances for new businesses to grow will be low if they are not analyzing the environment of the industry. One of the most common theory to analyzing forces of competition in an industry is Porter’s Five Forces theory. 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